A Conceptual Framework for Condition and Maintenance Risk Indicators for Educational Buildings

Geertje Efraty Kandiyoh; Sandri Linna Sengkey; Reiner W. Tampi; Sherley Runtunuwu

doi:10.55927/mudima.v6i6.75

Authors

Geertje Efraty Kandiyoh Manado State Polytechnics
Sandri Linna Sengkey Manado State Polytechnics
Reiner W. Tampi Manado State Polytechnics
Sherley Runtunuwu Manado State Polytechnic

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v6i6.75

Keywords:

Building Condition Assessment, Condition Indicators, Educational Buildings, Maintenance Priority, Risk Scoring

Abstract

Educational buildings require systematic maintenance to remain safe, functional, comfortable, and supportive of learning services. Reactive maintenance practices often make repair priorities depend on user complaints or visually obvious defects rather than on the relationship between actual condition and the risk of delayed action. This article aims to develop a conceptual framework of condition and maintenance risk indicators for educational buildings as a basis for maintenance prioritization instruments. The method used is a conceptual review through the synthesis of literature on building condition assessment, facility management, risk-based maintenance, building maintenance regulations, and the operational context of educational facilities. The review produces two main constructs: building condition indicators and maintenance risk indicators. Condition indicators cover structural, architectural, roof, drainage, MEP, sanitation, safety, and space-function elements. Risk indicators cover safety, educational function, cost, comfort/health, operation, and institutional reputation. The integration of these constructs results in a conceptual condition-risk matrix to support maintenance priority decisions. This framework is important as a basis for developing visual inspection instruments, risk scoring, and maintenance prioritization models for educational buildings

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